UPCONVERSION NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Nanoparticles have upconverting nanoparticles from fundamentals to applications emerged as innovative materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. Interestingly, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a significant concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a specialized type of nanoparticle capable of converting